ELISA

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a laboratory test used to detect and measure specific proteins, such as antibodies or hormones, in a sample. It works by attaching these target molecules to a surface, then adding a special antibody linked to an enzyme. If the target is present, the antibody binds to it. When a substrate is added, the enzyme causes a color change proportional to the amount of target. This allows scientists to determine if a specific substance is present and how much of it is there, useful for diagnosing diseases, monitoring health, and research.