Electrospray ionization

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to turn molecules into charged particles so they can be analyzed. It works by spraying a liquid sample through a fine needle at high voltage, creating a mist of tiny charged droplets. As the droplets evaporate, the molecules gain or lose electrons, becoming ions. These ions are then directed into the mass spectrometer, allowing for precise identification and measurement of molecular structures. ESI is especially useful for analyzing large, sensitive molecules like proteins, as it gently transfers them into the gas phase without breaking them apart.