electron transport theory

Electron transport theory describes how electrons move through materials, such as metals or semiconductors. It considers how electrons, which are tiny charged particles, scatter off impurities, vibrations of atoms (phonons), or other electrons, affecting their flow. These interactions influence a material's electrical conductivity—the ease with which electricity passes through it. The theory helps scientists predict and optimize how devices like solar cells, transistors, and sensors perform. Essentially, it provides a framework to understand and control electrical behavior at the microscopic level, enabling advancements in electronic technology.