Electric field propulsion

Electric field propulsion uses electric forces to move spacecraft by accelerating charged particles, such as ions, to generate thrust. Devices called ion thrusters or Hall-effect thrusters create an electric field that energizes these particles, which then exit the engine at high speeds. The momentum from the expelled ions produces a reactive force that propels the spacecraft forward. This method is highly efficient for long-duration space missions because it uses less fuel compared to traditional chemical rockets, allowing for sustained acceleration and precise maneuvering in space.