Ecological Island Theory

Ecological Island Theory compares habitats to islands surrounded by a vast area of unsuitable land. Just as islands host unique plants and animals, ecological islands (like lakes, forests, or mountain tops) support specific species. The theory explains that smaller or isolated habitats tend to have fewer species and less genetic diversity because they are harder for species to reach, colonize, and maintain. Over time, these habitats are more vulnerable to extinction. This concept helps us understand patterns of biodiversity and informs conservation efforts to protect isolated or threatened ecosystems.