Earth’s systems

Earth's systems consist of four interconnected spheres: the geosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air), and biosphere (living organisms). The geosphere includes rocks and soil; the hydrosphere encompasses oceans, rivers, and lakes; the atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the planet; and the biosphere includes all life forms. These systems interact in complex ways: for example, water from the hydrosphere shapes landforms in the geosphere, while atmospheric conditions influence weather patterns affecting the biosphere. Understanding these systems helps us appreciate Earth's stability and the impact of human activities on our planet.