Dutch Revolt

The Dutch Revolt (1568–1648) was a conflict where the United Provinces of the Netherlands sought independence from Spanish rule. Spain, ruled by King Philip II, imposed strict Catholic beliefs and heavy taxes, which angered the largely Protestant Dutch population. The revolt involved military battles, political resistance, and efforts to establish a new, independent Dutch state. It eventually led to the recognition of Dutch independence with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. This struggle was significant in shaping modern notions of sovereignty and nationhood in Europe.