DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are enzymes that add methyl groups—small chemical tags—to DNA, specifically to cytosine bases. This modification can influence how genes are turned on or off without changing the underlying DNA sequence. DNMTs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, maintaining cellular identity, and ensuring proper development. They are also involved in processes like aging and can contribute to diseases such as cancer when their activity becomes abnormal. Overall, DNMTs are essential for controlling genetic activity through chemical modifications of DNA.