dislocation theory

Dislocation theory explains how metals deform under stress. Metals are made of tightly packed atoms arranged in a crystal structure. Sometimes, these atoms slip past each other along specific planes, creating a line defect called a dislocation. These dislocations allow layers of atoms to slide past each other more easily, making the metal more ductile and capable of deforming without breaking. When stress is applied, dislocations move through the crystal, enabling shape changes. The ease and movement of dislocations influence the metal's strength and ductility, and controlling dislocations through processes like work hardening can enhance a metal’s mechanical properties.