Differential association

Differential association is a sociological theory that suggests people's behaviors, including criminal activity, are learned through their interactions with others. Essentially, individuals pick up attitudes, values, and techniques for behavior—whether positive or negative—from the groups and people they spend time with. If someone associates mostly with individuals who engage in criminal behavior, they are more likely to learn and adopt those behaviors themselves. Conversely, if their social circle promotes lawful behavior, they are more likely to act responsibly. This theory highlights the importance of social environment and relationships in shaping our actions.