Design by Contract

Design by Contract is a programming approach where software components define clear agreements about how they should behave. These "contracts" include conditions that must be true before a function runs (preconditions), promises about what it will do (postconditions), and rules that must always hold true (invariants). This clarity helps ensure that different parts of a program interact correctly, making software more reliable and easier to maintain. Essentially, it's like setting rules and expectations so everyone involved knows their responsibilities, reducing errors and misunderstandings during development.