defects in metals

Defects in metals are imperfections within the material's atomic structure that can influence its properties. They include vacancies (missing atoms), dislocations (irregularities in the arrangement of atoms), and grain boundaries (interfaces between crystal regions). These defects can make metals more flexible or weak, affecting strength, ductility, and how they deform under stress. They also play a role in how metals conduct heat or electricity and how they react to wear or corrosion. Understanding these imperfections helps in designing and improving metals for various applications by controlling their strength, durability, and other characteristics.