Data Encapsulation

Data encapsulation is a fundamental concept in programming where data (information) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data are bundled together into a single unit, called an object. This approach hides the internal details of how data is stored and accessed, exposing only necessary parts through controlled interfaces. It ensures data integrity and security by preventing unauthorized or unintended modifications. Essentially, encapsulation acts like a protective shield around data, allowing interaction through well-defined methods, which promotes organized, maintainable, and secure software design.