cyclooxygenase (COX)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme in our bodies that helps produce prostaglandins—chemical messengers involved in processes like inflammation, pain, and fever. There are two main types: COX-1, which protects the stomach lining and supports blood clotting, and COX-2, which is mainly active during inflammation and pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen work by inhibiting COX enzymes, reducing pain and inflammation. This mechanism helps manage symptoms but can also affect other functions, such as stomach protection, highlighting the importance of balanced use.