Crustal deformation

Crustal deformation refers to the changes in the Earth's outer layer caused by stress, which can stretch, compress, or bend rocks. This process occurs over time due to forces like tectonic plate movements. These stresses create features such as faults (cracks where rocks slide past each other), folds (twisted or bent rock layers), and earthquakes. Essentially, crustal deformation is how the Earth's surface adapts and responds to internal forces, shaping mountains, valleys, and other landforms. It is a key concept in understanding Earth's dynamic surface and geological activity.