Crust

The crust is the Earth's outermost layer, forming the solid surface we live on. It ranges from about 5 to 70 kilometers thick and is composed mainly of rocks and minerals. The crust is divided into large sections called tectonic plates that move slowly over the Earth's hotter, semi-fluid layer called the mantle. This movement causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains. The crust includes landforms like continents and ocean floors, providing the foundation for ecosystems and human activity. Despite its thinness compared to Earth's interior, the crust is essential for supporting life and shaping the planet's surface.