Cromwellian Commonwealth

The Cromwellian Commonwealth was a period from 1649 to 1660 when England, after the monarchy was overthrown, was declared a republic. Led by Oliver Cromwell, who became Lord Protector, it aimed to create a government without kings or queens, emphasizing military discipline and Puritan values. This era followed the English Civil War and involved significant political and social changes, including the suppression of royalist and Catholic influences. The Commonwealth ended in 1660 when the monarchy was restored under King Charles II, shifting back to a traditional royal government.