CPG (central pattern generators)

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are specialized neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord that produce rhythmic, automatic patterns of movement, such as walking, breathing, or chewing. They function independently of conscious control, enabling repetitive actions without needing conscious effort. CPGs coordinate muscle activity through interconnected neurons, ensuring smooth and coordinated motion. They are essential for basic, repetitive behaviors and can adapt or pause depending on sensory feedback. In essence, CPGs act as internal "autopilot" systems, orchestrating essential rhythmic movements critical for survival and daily functioning.