Coronal heating problem

The coronal heating problem refers to the question of why the Sun's outer atmosphere, called the corona, is much hotter—millions of degrees Kelvin—than its surface, which is about 5,500°C. Scientists are trying to understand how energy from the Sun’s surface gets transferred and concentrated in the corona to produce such high temperatures. Several theories suggest magnetic waves or tiny, rapid energy releases called nanoflares might be responsible. Solving this puzzle helps us better understand the Sun’s behavior and its influence on space weather affecting Earth.