core, semi-periphery, periphery

In global economics, countries are often divided into three categories: core, semi-periphery, and periphery. Core countries are economically developed, with advanced industries, high incomes, and strong infrastructures (e.g., the U.S., Germany). Semi-periphery countries have mixed characteristics, experiencing some industrialization and development (e.g., Brazil, India). They often play a stabilizing role in the global economy. Periphery countries are less developed, with low incomes, limited industrialization, and often rely on agriculture or raw materials (e.g., many African nations). This framework helps explain global inequalities and economic relationships between nations.