convection theory

Convection theory explains how heat moves through fluids—liquids and gases—by the physical movement of the material itself. When part of the fluid heats up, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser regions sink. This creates a cycle called a convection current, which transfers heat efficiently. For example, in the atmosphere, warm air rises and cooler air sinks, helping distribute heat evenly. It’s a natural process important in weather, oceans, and even cooking, where it explains how heat spreads through liquids and gases via the motion of the fluid particles themselves.