Conseil Constitutionnel (France)

The Conseil Constitutionnel is France’s constitutional court, responsible for ensuring that laws passed by Parliament adhere to the Constitution. It reviews legislation before it is enacted, can also scrutinize referendums and electoral processes. Comprising nine members—some appointed by the President, others by Parliament—the Conseil ensures laws respect constitutional principles like rights and separation of powers. Its role safeguards constitutional integrity by preventing laws that violate fundamental rights or constitutional rules from becoming effective. Essentially, it acts as a guardian of the Constitution, maintaining legal order and democratic principles in France.