Conquest of Wales

The Conquest of Wales occurred in the late 13th century when King Edward I of England aimed to bring Wales under English control. Starting in 1277, following conflicts with Welsh Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Edward implemented military campaigns and built castles to establish dominance. By 1284–85, the Welsh resistance was crushed, and Wales was fully annexed, incorporated into the English legal and administrative system. This event marked the end of Welsh independence and laid the groundwork for centuries of English rule, affecting Welsh culture, governance, and identity.