Clusters in catalysis

In catalysis, clusters refer to small, tightly grouped collections of atoms—often metals—that serve as active sites to accelerate chemical reactions. Unlike bulk materials, these clusters have a high surface-to-volume ratio, providing more reaction sites and enhanced reactivity. They can be precisely tuned in size and composition to improve efficiency and selectivity. Clusters are used in various catalytic processes, such as in fuel cells, pollution control, and chemical manufacturing, because their unique properties allow for more effective and often more sustainable chemical transformations.