Cloud physics of Venus

Venus's clouds form from sulfuric acid droplets created by volcanic gases and the thick, highly reflective atmosphere. These clouds are composed of multiple layers, with the upper layers reflecting sunlight and making Venus very bright. The dense atmosphere causes extreme greenhouse warming, trapping heat and raising surface temperatures to over 900°F (475°C). Winds within the clouds move rapidly, creating dynamic and ever-changing cloud patterns. Unlike Earth's water clouds, Venus's clouds are made of chemical clouds and acids, contributing to the planet's harsh, high-pressure environment.