cloning in molecular biology

Cloning in molecular biology involves creating exact copies of a specific DNA segment or organism. The process typically uses bacteria or other microorganisms to replicate a piece of DNA—called a gene—by inserting it into a plasmid (a small DNA molecule) and then allowing the host organism to produce multiple copies. This technique allows scientists to study genes in detail, produce important proteins like insulin, or replicate whole organisms, such as in the case of cloning animals. Essentially, it’s a way of copying genetic material or living creatures with high precision.