Clonal Heterogeneity

Clonal heterogeneity refers to the presence of different subpopulations of cells within the same tumor. Although these cells originate from a common ancestor, they acquire distinct genetic mutations over time, leading to variations in their behavior and characteristics. This diversity can affect how the tumor grows, spreads, and responds to treatments. Recognizing clonal heterogeneity is important because it explains why some therapies may work temporarily and why tumors can relapse with different, resistant cell types. In essence, it's like having multiple "families" within one tumor, each with unique traits.