Cleopatra VII (Pharaoh)

Cleopatra VII was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, reigning from 51 to 30 BCE. Known for her intelligence, political acumen, and charisma, she spoke multiple languages and sought to preserve her country's independence during a time of Roman expansion. Cleopatra formed alliances with powerful Roman leaders, including Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, which helped maintain her rule but ultimately led to her downfall. After her defeat by Octavian (later Augustus), she died in 30 BCE, marking the end of both her reign and the Ptolemaic dynasty, as Egypt became a Roman province.