Cixi (Empress Dowager Cixi)

Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908) was a powerful Chinese leader who effectively ruled China for nearly half a century during the late Qing Dynasty. Originally a concubine to Emperor Xianfeng, she became the regent for her young son and later her nephew. Cixi was influential in key decisions, guiding China through modernization efforts and facing challenges from foreign powers. While she sought reforms, her conservative policies also maintained traditional structures. Her reign is often viewed as a turning point, reflecting the struggle between modernization and tradition in a rapidly changing China. Cixi remains a complex and controversial historical figure.