Charles IX of France

Charles IX of France (1550–1574) was a king from the Valois dynasty who ruled France during a turbulent period marked by religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). His reign saw significant violence, including the infamous St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572, where thousands of Huguenots were killed. Despite being relatively young and influenced by his advisors and mother, Catherine de' Medici, Charles struggled to maintain peace and stability. His reign ended with his death at age 23, after which his brother Henry succeeded him as Henry III.