Charles Édouard Guillaume

Charles Édouard Guillaume was a Swiss physicist and metallurgist known for his work on precision metal alloys. He invented alloys like invar and elinvar, which have unique temperature-stable properties—meaning their dimensions or elasticity don't change much with temperature variations. These materials are essential in making accurate scientific instruments, clocks, and industrial devices. Guillaume’s innovations significantly improved measurement accuracy and stability. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 for his contributions to the understanding and development of these special alloys.