Cave Biomes

Cave biomes are unique underground ecosystems where life exists in surprising forms, often with little sunlight. They include caves, tunnels, and other subterranean areas. Organisms here—like fungi, bacteria, insects, bats, and specialized cave fish—adapt to dark, stable temperatures, and limited nutrients. These biomes play a key role in underground nutrient cycling and often host species found nowhere else. Because of their delicate and isolated nature, cave biomes are sensitive to human disturbance, making conservation important. Overall, they reveal life's resilience and how species adapt to extreme, low-light environments beneath the Earth's surface.