Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells gradually transform into cancer cells. This involves a series of changes at the genetic level, such as mutations or damage to DNA, which disrupt normal cell functions. These altered cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming abnormal masses called tumors. Factors like environmental exposures (smoking, radiation), genetics, and lifestyle can increase the risk. Carcinogenesis typically occurs over time and involves multiple steps, allowing potential intervention points for prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer.