carbonatite intrusions

Carbonatite intrusions are volcanic-like features where magma rich in carbonate minerals (such as limestone-like material) slowly solidifies beneath the Earth's surface. These intrusions are rare and distinctive because they contain high concentrations of rare and valuable metals like niobium and rare earth elements. Unlike typical magmas, carbonate-rich magmas are less viscous and can create unique mineral deposits through their evolution. They provide insights into Earth's deep geological processes and are important sources for certain minerals used in modern technology.