Capstan (historical sailing equipment)

A capstan is a cylindrical machine used on ships, primarily for lifting heavy weights or manipulating the anchor chain. It consists of a vertical post that turns, powered by hand or mechanical means, usually with a winch-like mechanism. Crew members would wrap a rope around the capstan's drum and push on long bars called “handspikes” to turn it, winding the rope and applying significant force. Historically, capstans were essential for anchoring ships, hoisting sails, or raising heavy loads, making them a crucial tool in maritime operations before the advent of modern machinery.