Ancient maritime technology

Ancient maritime technology included innovations like sturdy wooden ships, sail designs for wind harnessing, and navigational tools such as the astrolabe and compass. Mariners relied on celestial cues—stars and sun positions—and landmarks for guidance. They developed rudimentary maps and methods to measure depth and detect currents, enabling long-distance exploration and trade across oceans and seas. These advancements allowed civilizations to launch expeditions, establish trade routes, and connect distant lands, laying the foundation for global interaction and cultural exchange centuries before modern navigation systems.