Caffeine metabolism

Caffeine is processed mainly in the liver, where enzymes break it down into smaller compounds called metabolites. These metabolites include paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline, which are then further broken down and eliminated through urine. The speed of this process varies among individuals due to genetics, age, liver health, and other factors. Typically, caffeine’s effects last several hours, as it stays in the system before being safely removed. This metabolic process explains why some people feel alert after drinking coffee, while others experience longer-lasting stimulation or sensitivity depending on how quickly their bodies process caffeine.