BPS states

BPS states, named after physicists Bogomolny, Prasad, and Sommerfield, are special types of solutions in theoretical physics, particularly in string theory and supersymmetry. They are characterized by maintaining certain properties, like stability and mass, despite varied interactions. Essentially, BPS states preserve some underlying symmetries, which allows them to avoid the usual energy constraints that other states face. This makes them crucial for understanding the rich structure of particle physics, including phenomena related to black holes and quantum gravity, as they provide insight into how different forces and particles behave under extreme conditions.