Boundary element methods

Boundary Element Methods (BEM) are numerical techniques used to solve engineering and mathematical problems involving complex shapes or structures. Instead of analyzing the entire volume of an object, BEM focuses only on its boundaries, which simplifies calculations significantly. It's particularly effective for problems like stress analysis, fluid flow, and heat transfer. By reducing the dimensionality of the problem (for instance, turning a 3D problem into a 2D one), BEM allows engineers and scientists to obtain accurate solutions more efficiently, making it a powerful tool in fields such as civil engineering, aerospace, and geophysics.