Boltzmann (Ludwig Boltzmann)

Ludwig Boltzmann was a physicist who helped explain how the microscopic behavior of atoms and molecules relates to the larger-scale properties of materials, like temperature and pressure. He developed statistical mechanics, a way of understanding that macroscopic properties emerge from the collective behavior of countless tiny particles. Boltzmann’s work shows that entropy, often associated with disorder, can be quantified statistically, providing a bridge between the microscopic world and thermodynamics. His insights are fundamental to understanding how energy spreads and how systems tend toward equilibrium.