Birth Defects

Birth defects are health problems or physical changes that are present at birth, affecting a baby’s body or how it functions. They can result from genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Some defects are noticeable, like heart or limb malformations, while others may affect thinking, hearing, or growth. Causes can include genetic mutations, exposure to harmful substances, infections, or nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy. While some birth defects are minor and require no treatment, others may need medical intervention or lifelong care. Understanding and monitoring risk factors can help reduce their occurrence.