Basque separatist movement

The Basque separatist movement seeks greater independence or autonomy for the Basque Country, a region spanning northern Spain and southwestern France known for its distinct language and culture. Historically, some activists have advocated peaceful political processes, while others have engaged in violent actions, notably through the militant group ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna), which carried out bombings and assassinations until disbanding in 2018. The movement arises from a desire to preserve Basque identity, political self-determination, and economic control, reflecting complex historical, cultural, and political factors that continue to influence regional and national debates.