Basque Independence Movement

The Basque Independence Movement seeks to establish an independent nation for the Basque people, an ethnic group primarily in northern Spain and southwestern France. Rooted in a distinct language and culture, the movement has historically combined political activism and, at times, armed conflict through groups like ETA. Although most efforts today focus on political and cultural assertion, the movement reflects longstanding aspirations for self-determination, autonomy, and preservation of Basque identity within or outside Spain. Supporters emphasize cultural pride and economic stability, while opponents cite national unity and law enforcement concerns.