Avian Integument

The avian integument refers to a bird's skin and its outer coverings, including feathers, beak, and claws. It serves multiple functions: protecting internal organs, aiding in flight and insulation, and helping birds stay dry and camouflaged. The skin itself is typically thin, with a layer of keratinized cells that form the beak, claws, and parts of the feathers. Feathers are complex structures made of keratin, providing lift during flight, temperature regulation, and communication through display. Together, these components form a resilient and adaptable integument that is vital for a bird’s survival and health.