Atmosphere (Earth's)

Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet, essential for supporting life. Composed mainly of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%), it also contains traces of argon, carbon dioxide, and other gases. The atmosphere protects us from harmful space radiation, helps regulate temperature through greenhouse effects, and enables weather and climate patterns. It extends roughly 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) from the surface, becoming thinner with altitude. The atmosphere is divided into layers—troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere—each with distinct characteristics that influence weather, flight, and communication systems.