artisanal and small-scale gold mining

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) involves individuals or small groups extracting gold using basic tools and methods, often in rural areas. This type of mining typically operates informally or with limited technology, distinguishing it from large industrial operations. Miners may dig, pan, or use simple equipment to recover gold from soil or river sediments. While it provides livelihood opportunities for many, ASGM can also pose environmental risks, such as deforestation, water pollution, and mercury contamination, and often lacks regulation. Despite challenges, it remains a significant source of gold globally, especially in developing regions.