artificial variables

Artificial variables are supplemental variables introduced in optimization problems, particularly in linear programming, to help find a feasible solution when the original constraints don't allow for one. They act as placeholders to facilitate calculations during the problem-solving process. Once an optimal solution is found, these artificial variables should ideally have a value of zero, indicating they were not needed in the final solution. Their use helps in ensuring that algorithms can effectively navigate complex scenarios and constraints without getting stuck.