Article 20 (Basic Structures)

Article 20 of the Indian Constitution pertains to the "Basic Structure" doctrine, which establishes that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered or destroyed by amendments. This principle emerged from landmark Supreme Court rulings, asserting that core democratic values, such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and individual rights, must remain intact. Essentially, while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot undermine its foundational principles, ensuring that the essential identity and democratic framework of the nation are preserved for future generations.