β-arrestins

β-arrestins are proteins inside cells that help regulate how cells respond to signals, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. When a signaling molecule binds to a receptor on the cell surface, β-arrestins can attach to the receptor, stopping further signaling and helping to remove the receptor from the cell surface or direct it to different parts of the cell. This process helps fine-tune cellular responses, prevent overreaction, and facilitate receptor recycling, playing a vital role in maintaining balance and proper function in cell communication pathways.