Arana's "The Basque Nationalism"

Arana's "The Basque Nationalism" explores how Basque people developed a strong sense of identity rooted in their unique language, culture, and history, which distinguish them from Spain and France. He examines the movement’s evolution from cultural revival to political activism, emphasizing the desire for autonomy or independence. Arana analyzes how Basque nationalists sought to preserve their heritage while navigating regional and political pressures. Overall, the work provides a nuanced understanding of Basque nationalism as a blend of cultural pride and political aspiration, driven by a distinct regional identity rooted in centuries of tradition.